Wiirê: Difference between revisions

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==Phonetics==

• Consonants: t, k, q (hard k), g, p, b, m, n, s, sh, w, y, r, h—growly, no “tl” (unlike Histê).

* Consonants: t, k, q (hard k), g, p, b, m, n, s, sh, w, y, r, h—growly, no “tl” (unlike Histê).

• Vowels: a, e, i, o, u—long forms (aa, î, au) for emphasis, e.g., “tû” (kill).

* Vowels: a, e, i, o, u—long forms (aa, î, au) for emphasis, e.g., “tû” (kill).

• Stress: Last syllable, e.g., “tu-QAI” (swift flow), “tu-BÛ” (drum)

* Stress: Last syllable, e.g., “tu-QAI” (swift flow), “tu-BÛ” (drum)

• Syllables: CV, CVC, CVV—e.g., “tu,” “sîtu,” “wairê.”

* Syllables: CV, CVC, CVV—e.g., “tu,” “sîtu,” “wairê.”

==Word Order==

• SOV (Subject-Object-Verb): “Nehek makwa tûgu.” (Nehek beast kill.) = “Nehek kills the beast.”

* SOV (Subject-Object-Verb): “Nehek makwa tûgu.” (Nehek beast kill.) = “Nehek kills the beast.”

• Modifiers Before Nouns: “Noba makwa” (fierce beast), “ba-sîtu tu” (very blood river).

* Modifiers Before Nouns: “Noba makwa” (fierce beast), “ba-sîtu tu” (very blood river).

==Nouns==

• Base Form: Stand alone— “makwa” (beast), “tu” (river).

* Base Form: Stand alone— “makwa” (beast), “tu” (river).

• Possession: Suffixes— -ya (my), -ma (your), -sa (his/her)—“tani-ya” (my eye).

* Possession: Suffixes— -ya (my), -ma (your), -sa (his/her)—“tani-ya” (my eye).

• Plural: Suffix -rê—“makwa-rê” (beasts), “tu-rê” (rivers).

* Plural: Suffix -rê—“makwa-rê” (beasts), “tu-rê” (rivers).

==Verbs==

• Base: Present tense—“tûgu” (kill), “wai” (see/speak).

* Base: Present tense—“tûgu” (kill), “wai” (see/speak).

• Past: Prefix ka-—“ka-tûgu” (killed), “ka-wai” (saw/spoke).

* Past: Prefix ka-—“ka-tûgu” (killed), “ka-wai” (saw/spoke).

• Future: Suffix -nî—“tûgu-nî” (will kill), “wai-nî” (will see/speak).

* Future: Suffix -nî—“tûgu-nî” (will kill), “wai-nî” (will see/speak).

• Negation: Prefix sha-—“sha-tûgu” (not kill), “sha-wai” (not see).

* Negation: Prefix sha-—“sha-tûgu” (not kill), “sha-wai” (not see).

• Imperative: Bare verb—“Tûgu!” (Kill!), polite with “ma”—“Tûgu ma!” (Please kill!).

* Imperative: Bare verb—“Tûgu!” (Kill!), polite with “ma”—“Tûgu ma!” (Please kill!).

==Adjectives==

• Placement: Before noun—“noba makwa” (fierce beast).

* Placement: Before noun—“noba makwa” (fierce beast).

• Intensifier: Prefix ba-—“ba-noba makwa” (very fierce beast).

* Intensifier: Prefix ba-—“ba-noba makwa” (very fierce beast).

==Pronouns==

• Simple: “na” (I), “ma” (you), “sa” (he/she)—“Na makwa tûgu.” (I kill the beast.)

* Simple: “na” (I), “ma” (you), “sa” (he/she)—“Na makwa tûgu.” (I kill the beast.)

• Possessive: Use suffixes—“tu-ya” (my river), “makwa-ma” (your beast).

* Possessive: Use suffixes—“tu-ya” (my river), “makwa-ma” (your beast).

==Questions==

• Yes/No: End with “na”—“Nehek tu wai na?” (Does Nehek see the river?)

* Yes/No: End with “na”—“Nehek tu wai na?” (Does Nehek see the river?)

• What/Where: Prefix “ki-” to noun—“Ki-tu tûgu?” (What river kill?) = “Which river do you guard?”

* What/Where: Prefix “ki-” to noun—“Ki-tu tûgu?” (What river kill?) = “Which river do you guard?”

==Connectors==

• And: “ra”—“Makwa ra tu tûgu.” (Beast and river kill.) = “Kill the beast and river.”

* And: “ra”—“Makwa ra tu tûgu.” (Beast and river kill.) = “Kill the beast and river.”

• But: “gu”—“Makwa tûgu gu sha-wai.” (Beast kill but not-see.) = “Kill the beast but don’t see.”

* But: “gu”—“Makwa tûgu gu sha-wai.” (Beast kill but not-see.) = “Kill the beast but don’t see.”

• Because: “sî”—Counting“Tuqai sha-tûgu sî qai.” (Swift-Flow not-kill because swift.) = “Tuqai spares because it’s swift.”

* Because: “sî”—Counting“Tuqai sha-tûgu sî qai.” (Swift-Flow not-kill because swift.) = “Tuqai spares because it’s swift.”

==Numbers (Base-20)=

• Cardinals: 1-20—tî, kwa, sî, pau, tani, qai, wî, gau, lu, makwa (10), kîtû (20).

* Cardinals: 1-20—tî, kwa, sî, pau, tani, qai, wî, gau, lu, makwa (10), kîtû (20).

• Multiples: sîkîtû (40), paukîtû (60), tanikîtû (80), qaikîtû (100), kîtûkîtû (400).

* Multiples: sîkîtû (40), paukîtû (60), tanikîtû (80), qaikîtû (100), kîtûkîtû (400).

• In-Betweens: kîtû-tî (21), sîkîtû-pau (44).

* In-Betweens: kîtû-tî (21), sîkîtû-pau (44).

• Ordinals: Suffix -ra—tîra (1st), kwara (2nd), kîtûra (20th), sîkîtûra kwa (42nd).

* Ordinals: Suffix -ra—tîra (1st), kwara (2nd), kîtûra (20th), sîkîtûra kwa (42nd).

• Usage: Before noun—“tani makwa” (5 beasts), “kîtûra tu” (20th river).

* Usage: Before noun—“tani makwa” (5 beasts), “kîtûra tu” (20th river).

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 ==Phonetics==
-	•	Consonants: t, k, q (hard k), g, p, b, m, n, s, sh, w, y, r, h—growly, no “tl” (unlike Histê).
+	* Consonants: t, k, q (hard k), g, p, b, m, n, s, sh, w, y, r, h—growly, no “tl” (unlike Histê).
-	•	Vowels: a, e, i, o, u—long forms (aa, î, au) for emphasis, e.g., “tû” (kill).
+	* Vowels: a, e, i, o, u—long forms (aa, î, au) for emphasis, e.g., “tû” (kill).
-	•	Stress: Last syllable, e.g., “tu-QAI” (swift flow), “tu-BÛ” (drum)
+	* Stress: Last syllable, e.g., “tu-QAI” (swift flow), “tu-BÛ” (drum)
-	•	Syllables: CV, CVC, CVV—e.g., “tu,” “sîtu,” “wairê.”
+	* Syllables: CV, CVC, CVV—e.g., “tu,” “sîtu,” “wairê.”
 ==Word Order==
-	•	SOV (Subject-Object-Verb): “Nehek makwa tûgu.” (Nehek beast kill.) = “Nehek kills the beast.”
+	* SOV (Subject-Object-Verb): “Nehek makwa tûgu.” (Nehek beast kill.) = “Nehek kills the beast.”
-	•	Modifiers Before Nouns: “Noba makwa” (fierce beast), “ba-sîtu tu” (very blood river).
+	* Modifiers Before Nouns: “Noba makwa” (fierce beast), “ba-sîtu tu” (very blood river).
 ==Nouns==
-	•	Base Form: Stand alone— “makwa” (beast), “tu” (river).
+	* Base Form: Stand alone— “makwa” (beast), “tu” (river).
-	•	Possession: Suffixes— -ya (my), -ma (your), -sa (his/her)—“tani-ya” (my eye).
+	* Possession: Suffixes— -ya (my), -ma (your), -sa (his/her)—“tani-ya” (my eye).
-	•	Plural: Suffix -rê—“makwa-rê” (beasts), “tu-rê” (rivers).
+	* Plural: Suffix -rê—“makwa-rê” (beasts), “tu-rê” (rivers).
 ==Verbs==
-	•	Base: Present tense—“tûgu” (kill), “wai” (see/speak).
+	* Base: Present tense—“tûgu” (kill), “wai” (see/speak).
-	•	Past: Prefix ka-—“ka-tûgu” (killed), “ka-wai” (saw/spoke).
+	* Past: Prefix ka-—“ka-tûgu” (killed), “ka-wai” (saw/spoke).
-	•	Future: Suffix -nî—“tûgu-nî” (will kill), “wai-nî” (will see/speak).
+	* Future: Suffix -nî—“tûgu-nî” (will kill), “wai-nî” (will see/speak).
-	•	Negation: Prefix sha-—“sha-tûgu” (not kill), “sha-wai” (not see).
+	* Negation: Prefix sha-—“sha-tûgu” (not kill), “sha-wai” (not see).
-	•	Imperative: Bare verb—“Tûgu!” (Kill!), polite with “ma”—“Tûgu ma!” (Please kill!).
+	* Imperative: Bare verb—“Tûgu!” (Kill!), polite with “ma”—“Tûgu ma!” (Please kill!).
 ==Adjectives==
-	•	Placement: Before noun—“noba makwa” (fierce beast).
+	* Placement: Before noun—“noba makwa” (fierce beast).
-	•	Intensifier: Prefix ba-—“ba-noba makwa” (very fierce beast).
+	* Intensifier: Prefix ba-—“ba-noba makwa” (very fierce beast).
 ==Pronouns==
-	•	Simple: “na” (I), “ma” (you), “sa” (he/she)—“Na makwa tûgu.” (I kill the beast.)
+	* Simple: “na” (I), “ma” (you), “sa” (he/she)—“Na makwa tûgu.” (I kill the beast.)
-	•	Possessive: Use suffixes—“tu-ya” (my river), “makwa-ma” (your beast).
+	* Possessive: Use suffixes—“tu-ya” (my river), “makwa-ma” (your beast).
 ==Questions==
-	•	Yes/No: End with “na”—“Nehek tu wai na?” (Does Nehek see the river?)
+	* Yes/No: End with “na”—“Nehek tu wai na?” (Does Nehek see the river?)
-	•	What/Where: Prefix “ki-” to noun—“Ki-tu tûgu?” (What river kill?) = “Which river do you guard?”
+	* What/Where: Prefix “ki-” to noun—“Ki-tu tûgu?” (What river kill?) = “Which river do you guard?”
 ==Connectors==
-	•	And: “ra”—“Makwa ra tu tûgu.” (Beast and river kill.) = “Kill the beast and river.”
+	* And: “ra”—“Makwa ra tu tûgu.” (Beast and river kill.) = “Kill the beast and river.”
-	•	But: “gu”—“Makwa tûgu gu sha-wai.” (Beast kill but not-see.) = “Kill the beast but don’t see.”
+	* But: “gu”—“Makwa tûgu gu sha-wai.” (Beast kill but not-see.) = “Kill the beast but don’t see.”
-	•	Because: “sî”—Counting“Tuqai sha-tûgu sî qai.” (Swift-Flow not-kill because swift.) = “Tuqai spares because it’s swift.”
+	* Because: “sî”—Counting“Tuqai sha-tûgu sî qai.” (Swift-Flow not-kill because swift.) = “Tuqai spares because it’s swift.”
 ==Numbers (Base-20)=
-	•	Cardinals: 1-20—tî, kwa, sî, pau, tani, qai, wî, gau, lu, makwa (10), kîtû (20).
+	* Cardinals: 1-20—tî, kwa, sî, pau, tani, qai, wî, gau, lu, makwa (10), kîtû (20).
-	•	Multiples: sîkîtû (40), paukîtû (60), tanikîtû (80), qaikîtû (100), kîtûkîtû (400).
+	* Multiples: sîkîtû (40), paukîtû (60), tanikîtû (80), qaikîtû (100), kîtûkîtû (400).
-	•	In-Betweens: kîtû-tî (21), sîkîtû-pau (44).
+	* In-Betweens: kîtû-tî (21), sîkîtû-pau (44).
-	•	Ordinals: Suffix -ra—tîra (1st), kwara (2nd), kîtûra (20th), sîkîtûra kwa (42nd).
+	* Ordinals: Suffix -ra—tîra (1st), kwara (2nd), kîtûra (20th), sîkîtûra kwa (42nd).
-	•	Usage: Before noun—“tani makwa” (5 beasts), “kîtûra tu” (20th river).
+	* Usage: Before noun—“tani makwa” (5 beasts), “kîtûra tu” (20th river).